Lenovo Ideapad 5 14ARE05 hangs on boot, except in single user mode

Booting with rEFInd successfully goes through to LightDM and works as expected in single-user mode when exiting with Ctrl+D when prompted. Booting normally shows systemd starting things as expected with no failures, but hangs indefinitely.

The last target it hits successfully is Load/Save RF Kill Switch Status and also shows as ‘OK’ for Light Display Manager just before that.

It also shows ‘acp_pdm_mach acp_pdm_mach.0: snd_soc_register_card(acp) failed: -517’.