I forgot to mention that you need to be in chroot in order to update the GRUB on your internal drive. Because you use live-USB or live-CD so you need to change the filesystem view to the one in your internal drive, not the live-USB/CD one.
I give you 2 good references on how to do this:
https://askubuntu.com/questions/145241/how-do-i-run-update-grub-from-a-livecd