Displays get no signal on boot after update

The only thing I see which differs from my setup is the kernel as I am using 6.4.

Let me say - older kernels like 5.10 and 5.15 is not likely to work well with your hardware.

I am going to suggest you install linux64 in your chroot (I noted you cannot even get into TTY)

Another option is to navigate - in chroot -

cd /var/cache/pacman/pkg
ls amd-ucode*

The current package is named amd-ucode-20230810.7be2766d-1-any.pkg.tar.xz

It may work or it may not - you can use pacman -U to install the previous amd-ucode from your cache - possibly (from memory - please check your listing for correct filename)

pacman -U amd-ucode-20230724.59fbffa9-1-any.pkg.tar.zst