"wrong fs type, bad option, bad superblock on /dev/sdb1" error mounting HDD

[soundofthunder]

@icarusmicarus

Since this is now happening with 3 out of 3 hard drives, is it correct to think that it was a system update that caused these errors to appear?

It seems so. See issues with auto-mount of ntfs filesystem using Kernel 6.8 for a note about it. Changing /etc/fstab permissions syntax seems to fix it.

The kernel changed default ntfs driver from FUSE one to ntfs3.
These two are not fully compatible, mainly as far as mount options go. If you have custom mount options in the fstab (or any other application, such as VeraCrypt) they need to be changed.

Another (temporary) solution might be to revert to an earlier kernel (6.6 for example).

Regarding the comment from @Nachlese - It may seem unlikely that all three volumes would develop an error simultaneously, but it’s certainly not impossible if (for example) the machine had a forced hard reset.