what does
mhwd-kernel -i linux519
do that
pacman -Syu linux519
doesn’t do?
mhwd-kernel -i will install another kernel.
See mhwd-kernel --help.
pacman -Sy as written will only update/refresh the Manjaro repo located at /var/lib/pacman/sync/*.db.
If you added a -u to the above, your system’s installed packages (including kernel) would be upgraded.
It is discouraged to used -Sy, but rather -Syu.
See man pacman.
Just a side note: it is suggested to review the Stable Update Announcement before updating, at least the first post. It is usually written by @philm and includes what is being updated, issues, and if there are any manual steps required.
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In addition to the above, if you’ve changed or updated your mirrors, then you should use -Syyu instead of -Syu. 
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pacman -Sy linux519 can install base kernel package for kernel v5.19
mhwd-kernel -i linux519 installs all kernel packages needed by system
When I used this command on my system recently, Manjaro Hardware Detection installed
linux519; linux519-headers; linux519-nvidia-470xx and linux519-r8168
Manjaro Settings Manager > Kernel GUI (manjaro-settings-manager -m msm_kernel) uses mhwd-kernel
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or cat /usr/bin/mhwd-kernel
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Actually nothing. mhwd-kernel is just a bash script that uses pacman to install few other packages beside kernel that you (might) need.
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Another thing mhwd-kernel does when adding/removing kernels
- include headers if present for other kernels
- include nvidia modules if present for other kernels
Using pacman - you would need to know these extra packages.
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