Edited:
Ach 30 min later I have a MUCH better solution. At least writing about it made me think … It is as I suspected, Thunar is started “too early” to pick up all the desktop settings (such as scale).
All you need to do is
$ pkill thunar
and then start it again. It will now run with all your current environment respected. Which is to say, it will now run all programs the same as if you run them from the command line, menu, etc.
You might add this code line to your .bashrc.
First reply:
I have exactly the same problem, and a similar lack of solution… It seems to me the problem lies with Thunar being set to run very early in the session, before all the environment variables used in every other application have been set. (For example: Thunar’s definition of $PATH does not include $HOME/.local/bin.)
Here is a workaround, but it needs to be done for each affected application. For example, for Kate, I created a file called “big-kate” in $HOME/.local/bin:
#!/bin/bash
QT_SCALE_FACTOR=1.5 kate "$@"
Then in Thunar, find a file of a type you want to open in (big) Kate, right-click, Open with Other Application, at the bottom expand “Use a custom command” and type in “/home/username/.local/bin/big-kate %f” (without the quotes, and replace username by your user name - $USER will not work here).
You could make it the default application, although Thunar will only use it for the specific file type you set it up for. Looking in Settings->Default Applications there are about a million file types you would need to do this for. On the other hand, you will from now on see “big-kate %f” as an Open-with option for most text file types, so get used to right-clicking.
Workaround 2: avoiding making any changes to Thunar’s file associations and make everything that was Kate now be big-kate, across the entire system including Thunar:
$ cd /usr/bin
$ sudo mv kate kate~bak
$ sudo ln -s /home/YOUR-USENAME/.local/bin/big-kate kate
and change file big-kate to point to kate~bak
#!/bin/bash
QT_SCALE_FACTOR=1.5 kate~bak "$@"
WARNING - this will break when Kate is updated!! And possibly it will break the update process. This is a convenient but extremely dangerous workaround.
Anybody got a safer bet?