Blender stopped launching when using --gpu-backend vulkan, with same error and crashdump as mentioned in Blender bug tracker. However, official build (same 5.1.1) worked correctly and after that even system blender started/kept working correctly.
Problem reappears if I delete ~/.cache/blender/vk-spirv-cache/ and launch system blender, disappears after official blender has been launched once with vulkan.
# Blender 5.1.1, Commit date: 2026-04-13 14:35, Hash b70da489d7f4
# backtrace
blender(+0x25a93fd) [0x55acb86443fd]
blender(+0x18bc5f3) [0x55acb79575f3]
/usr/lib/libc.so.6(+0x3e8f0) [0x7feb3b43e8f0]
/usr/lib/libSPIRV-Tools-opt.so(+0x5b006) [0x7feb3925b006]
/usr/lib/libSPIRV-Tools-opt.so(_ZNSt17_Function_handlerIFbPKjEZNK8spvtools3opt11Instruction11ForEachInIdERKSt8functionIFvS1_EEEUlS1_E_E9_M_invokeERKSt9_Any_dataOS1_+0x38) [0x7feb39253c78]
/usr/lib/libSPIRV-Tools-opt.so(_ZN8spvtools3opt17AggressiveDCEPass21AddOperandsToWorkListEPKNS0_11InstructionE+0xb5) [0x7feb3925ae95]
/usr/lib/libSPIRV-Tools-opt.so(_ZN8spvtools3opt17AggressiveDCEPass15ProcessWorkListEPNS0_8FunctionE+0x5a) [0x7feb3925fd1a]
/usr/lib/libSPIRV-Tools-opt.so(_ZN8spvtools3opt17AggressiveDCEPass13AggressiveDCEEPNS0_8FunctionE+0xb4) [0x7feb3925fec4]
/usr/lib/libSPIRV-Tools-opt.so(_ZN8spvtools3opt17AggressiveDCEPass11ProcessImplEv+0xd9) [0x7feb39261c69]
/usr/lib/libSPIRV-Tools-opt.so(_ZN8spvtools3opt4Pass3RunEPNS0_9IRContextE+0x2a) [0x7feb3939ae7a]
/usr/lib/libSPIRV-Tools-opt.so(_ZN8spvtools3opt11PassManager3RunEPNS0_9IRContextE+0x15e) [0x7feb3939c1fe]
/usr/lib/libSPIRV-Tools-opt.so(_ZNK8spvtools9Optimizer3RunEPKjmPSt6vectorIjSaIjEEP23spv_optimizer_options_t+0x189) [0x7feb39396369]
/usr/lib/libshaderc_shared.so.1(+0x14f1d) [0x7feb50738f1d]
/usr/lib/libshaderc_shared.so.1(+0x167c9) [0x7feb5073a7c9]
/usr/lib/libshaderc_shared.so.1(shaderc_compile_into_spv+0x12) [0x7feb5073b052]
blender(+0x299eb31) [0x55acb8a39b31]
blender(+0x299c2e9) [0x55acb8a372e9]
blender(+0x272459b) [0x55acb87bf59b]
blender(+0x2725a97) [0x55acb87c0a97]
blender(+0x288d256) [0x55acb8928256]
blender(+0x288d60d) [0x55acb892860d]
/usr/lib/libstdc++.so.6(+0xeb919) [0x7feb3b8eb919]
/usr/lib/libc.so.6(+0x981b9) [0x7feb3b4981b9]
/usr/lib/libc.so.6(+0x11d21c) [0x7feb3b51d21c]
# Python backtrace
(AMD Radeon RX 9070 XT with RADV driver)