Hmm, it may be a stretch, but do you have secure boot enabled in your BIOS?
Recently I had a laptop that had an issue that on the surface looks similar to yours, and disabling secure boot fixed that.
Might be worth a shot.
Otherwise, can you try accessing a TTY and doing the following:
Log into a text console as above and run
startx. This should either start X, in which case the issue lies with your Display Manager (e.g. GDM, LightDM, SDDM), OR you will be presented with some output and returned to the console. Of particular interest are Error (EE) lines.
Taken from here: [Fix] System doesn’t boot, boots to a black screen, or stops at a message