Messages at startup and shutdown - how to display later?

journalctl is your friend. See man journalctl for help. Example:

  • View log of current boot session:
    journalctl -b

  • View log from last boot session.
    journalctl -b-1

  • View last logged lines:
    journalctl -xe -b

  • View only error messages:
    journalctl -p3 -b

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