I HATE ASMEDIA. Yes, thunderbolt and USB can come on a type c. They are different things but can use the same port. In fact I seem to have read typec somewhere in the snippet you posted.
Do I remember well : you turned this off in the bios?
Yeah i disabled USB 4.0, because it had a special cooling solution and a additional chipset only for the new USB 4.0 Ports… i wanted to reduce heat and energy, my mainboard gets pretty hot, even in idle PCH is between 58-61° on a fresh boot (related to HWinfo which i use for temp checks under Win10)
Is there a way to finally disable the service under Linux?
Well usb4 is the amd equivalent of thunderbolt so you have already disabled it. I had the suspicion the logs call usb4 thunderbolt and disabling it should remove the message. I was wrong but on the other hand now we now that error is also kind of fake if it is there for something non-existent or disabled.