Is it possible to flash an Android phone on Manjaro?

This the one and only correct command for syncing with the repo mirror.

If you know your system is up-to-date but you need a single applicaton you can use

sudo pacman -S <pkgname>

It is possible to flash android phones.

sudo pacman -S android-tools

For Samsung phones you may need heimdall

sudo pacman -S heimdall

Add your user to group adbusers (remember to logout to make the new group stick)

sudo gpasswd -a $USER adbusers