If I know what you mean I may be able to answer - but I do not.
The file command show what kind of file we are looking at.
If they are compressed archives they are probably ok - if they are anything else - they are not.
A complete output from my system which includes my own custom repo and sublime-text repo
.sig files are binary data and is displayed as data
As not everyone has the same data as I do - I shortened my output above - avoid possible confusion and the question - but I do not have … ?
$ file /var/lib/pacman/sync/*
/var/lib/pacman/sync/core.db: gzip compressed data, last modified: Thu May 9 20:29:21 2024, from Unix, original size modulo 2^32 645632
/var/lib/pacman/sync/core.files: gzip compressed data, last modified: Thu May 9 20:29:21 2024, from Unix, original size modulo 2^32 26235904
/var/lib/pacman/sync/extra.db: gzip compressed data, last modified: Fri May 10 23:16:20 2024, from Unix, original size modulo 2^32 34825216
/var/lib/pacman/sync/extra.files: gzip compressed data, last modified: Fri May 10 23:16:27 2024, from Unix, original size modulo 2^32 478354944 gzip compressed data, reserved method, has CRC, was "", has comment, encrypted, from FAT filesystem (MS-DOS, OS/2, NT), original size modulo 2^32 478354944
/var/lib/pacman/sync/multilib.db: gzip compressed data, last modified: Tue May 7 16:28:24 2024, from Unix, original size modulo 2^32 676352
/var/lib/pacman/sync/multilib.files: gzip compressed data, last modified: Tue May 7 16:28:24 2024, from Unix, original size modulo 2^32 1380352
/var/lib/pacman/sync/nixrepo.db: Zstandard compressed data (v0.8+), Dictionary ID: None
/var/lib/pacman/sync/nixrepo.files: Zstandard compressed data (v0.8+), Dictionary ID: None
/var/lib/pacman/sync/sublime-text.db: gzip compressed data, last modified: Tue May 7 06:57:22 2024, from Unix, original size modulo 2^32 6144
/var/lib/pacman/sync/sublime-text.db.sig: data
/var/lib/pacman/sync/sublime-text.files: gzip compressed data, last modified: Tue May 7 06:57:22 2024, from Unix, original size modulo 2^32 16896
/var/lib/pacman/sync/sublime-text.files.sig: data