Yes
- But you have to be root to use btrfs send/receive
- Or you would have to get the necessary permissions in other ways (sudo / wheel)
One possibility is to:
- Use ssh-keys (with password)
- Use ssh-assistant to unlock a key temporary
- execute btrfs over ssh (which will use the unlocked key)
Please have a look at:
If you are familiar with ssh, you can send /receive via ssh.
I do this once a week with 5 PCs 
(and have collected over 1600 differential snapshots this way)
(But be aware, this is work in progress)