Yesterday I did an BIOS update and after disabling fastboot and secureboot again, I was greeted with following error
Grub boot error: … grub_cli_set_auth_needed…
So the fix was: booting into a live usb stick and repair grub. → System runs fine again.
So now I am curious why does this happen? In my limited mind I think: Why can an Bios Update impact my grub installation, if it is normally possible to just stick my SSD into another PC and boot my Linux install?