Ok since fstab is fully correct, I would say it is a filesystem error, which could not be solved easily without manual action. Therefore…
Type exit to close the chroot.
Unmount home: sudo umount /mnt/home
Now do a file system check:
sudo fsck.ext4 -fy /dev/sda3
If it is a HDD, then also check for badblocks:
sudo fsck.ext4 -fcck /dev/sda3
but this will take time depending on the size of the partition.
This will also search for badblock on the disk.