Failed to destroy qgroup and snapshot whenever I update manjaro or install packages

I have a Manjaro system with btrfs and timeshift enabled. I’ve had this system for perhaps 3 years now. Whenever I update manjaro or install packages, I get the following error as part of the logs, but the installation/upgrade continues as if nothing happened

Destroying qgroup: 0/1001
E: Failed to destroy qgroup: '0/1001'
E: Failed to remove snapshot: 2025-04-07_14-40-43
--------------------------------------------------------------

Noticing that a snapshot were not being deleted I was concerned that there is some space that should be freed up but isn’t.

It seems that this has something to do with timeshift. Googling around, I found this linux mint issue on github, but it’s not clear to me what the solution is when it comes to manjaro. I also could not find someone with the same issue on Manjaro.

This seems to be an issue with btrfs qgroups, which from what I understand is used to control quotas. But I never played around with this setting.

The github issue mentioned that there are lots of “stale” qgroups. Indeed this is the case for me as well. Here’s the output:

[the9a3eedi@9a3eedi-laptop ~]$ sudo btrfs qgroup show .
[sudo] password for the9a3eedi: 
Qgroupid    Referenced    Exclusive   Path 
--------    ----------    ---------   ---- 
0/5           84.00KiB     84.00KiB   <toplevel>
0/256         48.34GiB      9.41GiB   @
0/257        314.99GiB    314.99GiB   @home
0/258         27.88GiB     27.88GiB   @cache
0/259          3.62GiB      3.62GiB   @log
0/267         16.00KiB     16.00KiB   @/var/lib/lxd/storage-pools/default
0/268        993.23MiB     16.28MiB   @/var/lib/lxd/storage-pools/default/images/e3e1bd82cdc7fa1256cf2409dd8543630eefa1fca631ff0c78c0970babddc69f
0/269        993.25MiB     16.30MiB   @/var/lib/lxd/storage-pools/default/containers/ubuntu-ros
0/273            0.00B        0.00B   <stale>
0/274            0.00B        0.00B   <stale>
0/275            0.00B        0.00B   <stale>
0/276            0.00B        0.00B   <stale>
0/277            0.00B        0.00B   <stale>
0/278            0.00B        0.00B   <stale>
0/279            0.00B        0.00B   <stale>
0/280            0.00B        0.00B   <stale>
0/281            0.00B        0.00B   <stale>
0/282            0.00B        0.00B   <stale>
0/283            0.00B        0.00B   <stale>
0/284            0.00B        0.00B   <stale>
0/285            0.00B        0.00B   <stale>
0/286            0.00B        0.00B   <stale>
0/287            0.00B        0.00B   <stale>
0/288            0.00B        0.00B   <stale>
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0/943            0.00B        0.00B   <stale>
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0/945            0.00B        0.00B   <stale>
0/946            0.00B        0.00B   <stale>
0/947            0.00B        0.00B   <stale>
0/948            0.00B        0.00B   <stale>
0/949            0.00B        0.00B   <stale>
0/950            0.00B        0.00B   <stale>
0/951            0.00B        0.00B   <stale>
0/952            0.00B        0.00B   <stale>
0/953            0.00B        0.00B   <stale>
0/954            0.00B        0.00B   <stale>
0/955            0.00B        0.00B   <stale>
0/956            0.00B        0.00B   <stale>
0/957            0.00B        0.00B   <stale>
0/958            0.00B        0.00B   <stale>
0/959            0.00B        0.00B   <stale>
0/960            0.00B        0.00B   <stale>
0/961            0.00B        0.00B   <stale>
0/962            0.00B        0.00B   <stale>
0/963            0.00B        0.00B   <stale>
0/964            0.00B        0.00B   <stale>
0/965            0.00B        0.00B   <stale>
0/966            0.00B        0.00B   <stale>
0/967            0.00B        0.00B   <stale>
0/968            0.00B        0.00B   <stale>
0/969            0.00B        0.00B   <stale>
0/970            0.00B        0.00B   <stale>
0/971            0.00B        0.00B   <stale>
0/972            0.00B        0.00B   <stale>
0/973            0.00B        0.00B   <stale>
0/974            0.00B        0.00B   <stale>
0/975            0.00B        0.00B   <stale>
0/976            0.00B        0.00B   <stale>
0/977            0.00B        0.00B   <stale>
0/978            0.00B        0.00B   <stale>
0/979            0.00B        0.00B   <stale>
0/980            0.00B        0.00B   <stale>
0/981            0.00B        0.00B   <stale>
0/982            0.00B        0.00B   <stale>
0/983            0.00B        0.00B   <stale>
0/984            0.00B        0.00B   <stale>
0/985            0.00B        0.00B   <stale>
0/986            0.00B        0.00B   <stale>
0/987            0.00B        0.00B   <stale>
0/988            0.00B        0.00B   <stale>
0/989            0.00B        0.00B   <stale>
0/990            0.00B        0.00B   <stale>
0/991            0.00B        0.00B   <stale>
0/992            0.00B        0.00B   <stale>
0/993         47.24GiB      3.02GiB   timeshift-btrfs/snapshots/2025-03-31_15-51-43/@
0/994            0.00B        0.00B   <stale>
0/995            0.00B        0.00B   <stale>
0/996            0.00B        0.00B   <stale>
0/997            0.00B        0.00B   <stale>
0/998            0.00B        0.00B   <stale>
0/999            0.00B        0.00B   <stale>
0/1000           0.00B        0.00B   <stale>
0/1001           0.00B        0.00B   <stale>
0/1002           0.00B        0.00B   <stale>
0/1003        47.11GiB    126.37MiB   timeshift-btrfs/snapshots/2025-04-10_16-44-42/@
0/1004           0.00B        0.00B   <stale>
0/1005        47.13GiB    125.97MiB   timeshift-btrfs/snapshots/2025-04-11_08-29-27/@
0/1006           0.00B        0.00B   <stale>
0/1007           0.00B        0.00B   <stale>
0/1008           0.00B        0.00B   <stale>
0/1009           0.00B        0.00B   <stale>
0/1010           0.00B        0.00B   <stale>
0/1011        47.41GiB     10.36MiB   timeshift-btrfs/snapshots/2025-04-22_07-00-01/@
0/1012        47.41GiB     10.25MiB   timeshift-btrfs/snapshots/2025-04-24_06-00-01/@
0/1013        47.50GiB      7.57MiB   timeshift-btrfs/snapshots/2025-04-26_11-00-01/@
0/1014        47.51GiB      7.26MiB   timeshift-btrfs/snapshots/2025-04-28_11-00-08/@
0/1015        47.54GiB    119.15MiB   timeshift-btrfs/snapshots/2025-04-29_17-16-56/@

This is the output of inxi --filter --verbosity=8

System:
  Kernel: 6.6.84-1-MANJARO arch: x86_64 bits: 64 compiler: gcc v: 14.2.1
    clocksource: tsc avail: acpi_pm
    parameters: BOOT_IMAGE=/@/boot/vmlinuz-6.6-x86_64
    root=UUID=2d5bd4df-98c5-44c4-8f36-a195f7ff4454 rw rootflags=subvol=@
    systemd.unified_cgroup_hierarchy=1 apparmor=1 security=apparmor
    resume=UUID=ef9f1842-6ada-42fe-bfd5-b599dea1d468 udev.log_priority=3
  Desktop: KDE Plasma v: 6.3.4 tk: Qt v: N/A info: frameworks v: 6.12.0
    wm: kwin_wayland vt: 1 dm: SDDM Distro: Manjaro base: Arch Linux
Machine:
  Type: Laptop System: Dell product: XPS 13 9360 v: N/A
    serial: <superuser required> Chassis: type: 10 serial: <superuser required>
  Mobo: Dell model: 0839Y6 v: A00 serial: <superuser required> part-nu: 075B
    uuid: <superuser required> UEFI: Dell v: 2.19.0 date: 12/09/2021
Battery:
  ID-1: BAT0 charge: 56.5 Wh (100.0%) condition: 56.5/60.0 Wh (94.1%)
    volts: 8.7 min: 7.6 model: SMP DELL TP1GT61 type: Li-poly serial: <filter>
    status: full
Memory:
  System RAM: total: 16 GiB available: 15.35 GiB used: 6.94 GiB (45.2%)
  Message: For most reliable report, use superuser + dmidecode.
  Array-1: capacity: 16 GiB slots: 2 modules: 2 EC: None
    max-module-size: 8 GiB note: est.
  Device-1: System Board Memory type: LPDDR3 detail: synchronous unbuffered
    (unregistered) size: 8 GiB speed: 1867 MT/s volts: curr: 1 min: 1.25
    max: 1.25 width (bits): data: 64 total: 64 manufacturer: Micron
    part-no: MT52L1G32D4PG-107 serial: N/A
  Device-2: System Board Memory type: LPDDR3 detail: synchronous unbuffered
    (unregistered) size: 8 GiB speed: 1867 MT/s volts: curr: 1 min: 1.25
    max: 1.25 width (bits): data: 64 total: 64 manufacturer: Micron
    part-no: MT52L1G32D4PG-107 serial: N/A
PCI Slots:
  Permissions: Unable to run dmidecode. Root privileges required.
CPU:
  Info: model: Intel Core i7-7500U bits: 64 type: MT MCP arch: Amber/Kaby Lake
    note: check gen: core 7 level: v3 note: check built: 2017
    process: Intel 14nm family: 6 model-id: 0x8E (142) stepping: 9
    microcode: 0xF6
  Topology: cpus: 1x dies: 1 clusters: 2 cores: 2 threads: 4 tpc: 2
    smt: enabled cache: L1: 128 KiB desc: d-2x32 KiB; i-2x32 KiB L2: 512 KiB
    desc: 2x256 KiB L3: 4 MiB desc: 1x4 MiB
  Speed (MHz): avg: 2900 min/max: 400/3500 scaling: driver: intel_pstate
    governor: powersave cores: 1: 2900 2: 2900 3: 2900 4: 2900 bogomips: 23209
  Flags: 3dnowprefetch abm acpi adx aes aperfmperf apic arat
    arch_capabilities arch_perfmon art avx avx2 bmi1 bmi2 bts clflush
    clflushopt cmov constant_tsc cpuid cpuid_fault cx16 cx8 de ds_cpl dtes64
    dtherm dts epb ept ept_ad erms est f16c flexpriority flush_l1d fma fpu
    fsgsbase fxsr ht hwp hwp_act_window hwp_epp hwp_notify ibpb ibrs ida
    intel_pt invpcid lahf_lm lm mca mce md_clear mmx monitor movbe mpx msr
    mtrr nonstop_tsc nopl nx pae pat pbe pcid pclmulqdq pdcm pdpe1gb pebs pge
    pln pni popcnt pse pse36 pti pts rdrand rdseed rdtscp rep_good sdbg sep
    smap smep ss ssbd sse sse2 sse4_1 sse4_2 ssse3 stibp syscall tm tm2
    tpr_shadow tsc tsc_adjust tsc_deadline_timer vme vmx vnmi vpid x2apic
    xgetbv1 xsave xsavec xsaveopt xsaves xtopology xtpr
  Vulnerabilities:
  Type: gather_data_sampling mitigation: Microcode
  Type: itlb_multihit status: KVM: VMX disabled
  Type: l1tf mitigation: PTE Inversion; VMX: conditional cache flushes, SMT
    vulnerable
  Type: mds mitigation: Clear CPU buffers; SMT vulnerable
  Type: meltdown mitigation: PTI
  Type: mmio_stale_data mitigation: Clear CPU buffers; SMT vulnerable
  Type: reg_file_data_sampling status: Not affected
  Type: retbleed mitigation: IBRS
  Type: spec_rstack_overflow status: Not affected
  Type: spec_store_bypass mitigation: Speculative Store Bypass disabled via
    prctl
  Type: spectre_v1 mitigation: usercopy/swapgs barriers and __user pointer
    sanitization
  Type: spectre_v2 mitigation: IBRS; IBPB: conditional; STIBP: conditional;
    RSB filling; PBRSB-eIBRS: Not affected; BHI: Not affected
  Type: srbds mitigation: Microcode
  Type: tsx_async_abort status: Not affected
Graphics:
  Device-1: Intel HD Graphics 620 vendor: Dell driver: i915 v: kernel
    arch: Gen-9.5 process: Intel 14nm built: 2016-20 ports: active: eDP-1
    empty: DP-1,DP-2 bus-ID: 00:02.0 chip-ID: 8086:5916 class-ID: 0300
  Device-2: Realtek Integrated_Webcam_HD driver: uvcvideo type: USB rev: 2.0
    speed: 480 Mb/s lanes: 1 mode: 2.0 bus-ID: 1-5:4 chip-ID: 0bda:568b
    class-ID: 0e02 serial: <filter>
  Display: wayland server: X.org v: 1.21.1.16 with: Xwayland v: 24.1.6
    compositor: kwin_wayland driver: X: loaded: modesetting
    alternate: fbdev,vesa dri: iris gpu: i915 display-ID: 0
  Monitor-1: eDP-1 model: Sharp 0x144a built: 2015 res: mode: 3200x1800
    hz: 60 scale: 150% (1.5) to: 2133x1200 dpi: 276 gamma: 1.2 chroma: red:
    x: 0.639 y: 0.329 green: x: 0.298 y: 0.600 blue: x: 0.149 y: 0.059 white:
    x: 0.314 y: 0.329 size: 294x165mm (11.57x6.5") diag: 337mm (13.3")
    ratio: 16:9 modes: 3200x1800
  EDID-Warnings: 1: parse_edid: unknown flag 0
  API: EGL v: 1.5 hw: drv: intel iris platforms: device: 0 drv: iris
    device: 1 drv: swrast gbm: drv: iris surfaceless: drv: iris wayland:
    drv: iris x11: drv: iris
  API: OpenGL v: 4.6 compat-v: 4.5 vendor: intel mesa v: 25.0.3-arch1.1
    glx-v: 1.4 direct-render: yes renderer: Mesa Intel HD Graphics 620 (KBL GT2)
    device-ID: 8086:5916 memory: 7.5 GiB unified: yes display-ID: :1.0
  API: Vulkan v: 1.4.309 layers: 4 device: 0 type: integrated-gpu name: Intel
    HD Graphics 620 (KBL GT2) driver: mesa intel v: 25.0.3-arch1.1
    device-ID: 8086:5916 surfaces: xcb,xlib,wayland
  Info: Tools: api: clinfo, eglinfo, glxinfo, vulkaninfo
    de: kscreen-console,kscreen-doctor gpu: gputop, intel_gpu_top, lsgpu
    wl: wayland-info x11: xdpyinfo, xprop, xrandr
Audio:
  Device-1: Intel Sunrise Point-LP HD Audio vendor: Dell driver: snd_hda_intel
    v: kernel bus-ID: 00:1f.3 chip-ID: 8086:9d71 class-ID: 0403
  API: ALSA v: k6.6.84-1-MANJARO status: kernel-api with: aoss
    type: oss-emulator tools: alsactl,alsamixer,amixer
  Server-1: JACK v: 1.9.22 status: off tools: N/A
  Server-2: PipeWire v: 1.4.1 status: active with: 1: pipewire-pulse
    status: active 2: pipewire-media-session status: active 3: pipewire-alsa
    type: plugin tools: pactl,pw-cat,pw-cli
Network:
  Device-1: Qualcomm Atheros QCA6174 802.11ac Wireless Network Adapter
    vendor: Rivet Networks Killer Wireless-n/a/ac 1535 driver: ath10k_pci
    v: kernel pcie: gen: 1 speed: 2.5 GT/s lanes: 1 bus-ID: 3a:00.0
    chip-ID: 168c:003e class-ID: 0280 temp: 56.0 C
  IF: wlp58s0 state: up mac: <filter>
  IP v4: <filter> type: dynamic noprefixroute scope: global
    broadcast: <filter>
  IP v6: <filter> type: dynamic noprefixroute scope: global
  IP v6: <filter> type: noprefixroute scope: link
  Info: services: NetworkManager, systemd-timesyncd, wpa_supplicant
  WAN IP: <filter>
Bluetooth:
  Device-1: Qualcomm Atheros driver: btusb v: 0.8 type: USB rev: 2.0
    speed: 12 Mb/s lanes: 1 mode: 1.1 bus-ID: 1-3:2 chip-ID: 0cf3:e301
    class-ID: e001
  Report: btmgmt ID: hci0 rfk-id: 3 state: up address: <filter> bt-v: 4.2
    lmp-v: 8 status: discoverable: no pairing: no class-ID: 6c010c
Logical:
  Message: No logical block device data found.
RAID:
  Message: No RAID data found.
Drives:
  Local Storage: total: 476.94 GiB used: 414.7 GiB (87.0%)
  SMART Message: Unable to run smartctl. Root privileges required.
  ID-1: /dev/nvme0n1 maj-min: 259:0 vendor: SanDisk model: THNSN5512GPUK
    NVMe TOSHIBA 512GB size: 476.94 GiB block-size: physical: 512 B
    logical: 512 B speed: 31.6 Gb/s lanes: 4 tech: SSD serial: <filter>
    fw-rev: 5KDA4103 temp: 65.8 C scheme: GPT
  Message: No optical or floppy data found.
Partition:
  ID-1: / raw-size: 459.74 GiB size: 459.74 GiB (100.00%)
    used: 414.19 GiB (90.1%) fs: btrfs dev: /dev/nvme0n1p2 maj-min: 259:2
    label: N/A uuid: 2d5bd4df-98c5-44c4-8f36-a195f7ff4454
  ID-2: /boot/efi raw-size: 300 MiB size: 299.4 MiB (99.80%)
    used: 620 KiB (0.2%) fs: vfat dev: /dev/nvme0n1p1 maj-min: 259:1
    label: NO_LABEL uuid: 186E-BBFC
  ID-3: /home raw-size: 459.74 GiB size: 459.74 GiB (100.00%)
    used: 414.19 GiB (90.1%) fs: btrfs dev: /dev/nvme0n1p2 maj-min: 259:2
    label: N/A uuid: 2d5bd4df-98c5-44c4-8f36-a195f7ff4454
  ID-4: /var/cache raw-size: 459.74 GiB size: 459.74 GiB (100.00%)
    used: 414.19 GiB (90.1%) fs: btrfs dev: /dev/nvme0n1p2 maj-min: 259:2
    label: N/A uuid: 2d5bd4df-98c5-44c4-8f36-a195f7ff4454
  ID-5: /var/log raw-size: 459.74 GiB size: 459.74 GiB (100.00%)
    used: 414.19 GiB (90.1%) fs: btrfs dev: /dev/nvme0n1p2 maj-min: 259:2
    label: N/A uuid: 2d5bd4df-98c5-44c4-8f36-a195f7ff4454
Swap:
  Kernel: swappiness: 20 (default 60) cache-pressure: 100 (default) zswap: yes
    compressor: zstd max-pool: 20%
  ID-1: swap-1 type: partition size: 16.9 GiB used: 520.8 MiB (3.0%)
    priority: -2 dev: /dev/nvme0n1p3 maj-min: 259:3 label: swap
    uuid: ef9f1842-6ada-42fe-bfd5-b599dea1d468
Unmounted:
  Message: No unmounted partitions found.
USB:
  Hub-1: 1-0:1 info: hi-speed hub with single TT ports: 12 rev: 2.0
    speed: 480 Mb/s (57.2 MiB/s) lanes: 1 mode: 2.0 chip-ID: 1d6b:0002
    class-ID: 0900
  Device-1: 1-3:2 info: Qualcomm Atheros type: bluetooth driver: btusb
    interfaces: 2 rev: 2.0 speed: 12 Mb/s (1.4 MiB/s) lanes: 1 mode: 1.1
    power: 100mA chip-ID: 0cf3:e301 class-ID: e001
  Device-2: 1-4:3 info: Elan Micro Touchscreen type: HID
    driver: hid-multitouch,usbhid interfaces: 1 rev: 2.0
    speed: 12 Mb/s (1.4 MiB/s) lanes: 1 mode: 1.1 power: 100mA
    chip-ID: 04f3:20d0 class-ID: 0300
  Device-3: 1-5:4 info: Realtek Integrated_Webcam_HD type: video
    driver: uvcvideo interfaces: 2 rev: 2.0 speed: 480 Mb/s (57.2 MiB/s)
    lanes: 1 mode: 2.0 power: 500mA chip-ID: 0bda:568b class-ID: 0e02
    serial: <filter>
  Hub-2: 2-0:1 info: super-speed hub ports: 6 rev: 3.0
    speed: 5 Gb/s (596.0 MiB/s) lanes: 1 mode: 3.2 gen-1x1 chip-ID: 1d6b:0003
    class-ID: 0900
Sensors:
  System Temperatures: cpu: 90.0 C pch: 68.5 C mobo: 52.0 C
  Fan Speeds (rpm): cpu: 6096
Repos:
  Packages: 2328 pm: dpkg pkgs: 0 pm: pacman pkgs: 2290 libs: 503 tools: pamac
    pm: appimage pkgs: 0 pm: flatpak pkgs: 38
  Active pacman repo servers in: /etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist
    1: https://mirrors.xtom.jp/manjaro/stable/$repo/$arch
    2: http://ossmirror.mycloud.services/os/linux/manjaro/stable/$repo/$arch
    3: https://mirror.freedif.org/Manjaro/stable/$repo/$arch
    4: http://kartolo.sby.datautama.net.id/manjaro/stable/$repo/$arch
    5: http://mirror.xeonbd.com/manjaro/stable/$repo/$arch
    6: http://manjaro.grena.ge/stable/$repo/$arch
    7: https://mirror.archlinux.tw/Manjaro/stable/$repo/$arch
    8: http://ftp.tsukuba.wide.ad.jp/Linux/manjaro/stable/$repo/$arch
    9: https://mirror.phoepsilonix.love/manjaro/stable/$repo/$arch
Processes:
  CPU top: 5 of 247
  1: cpu: 93.5% command: zstd pid: 95936 mem: 245.2 MiB (1.5%)
  2: cpu: 18.1% command: firefox pid: 32944 mem: 700.9 MiB (4.4%)
  3: cpu: 14.9% command: firefox pid: 82188 mem: 289.4 MiB (1.8%)
  4: cpu: 10.4% command: konsole pid: 95942 mem: 195.5 MiB (1.2%)
  5: cpu: 4.5% command: firefox pid: 33046 mem: 292.4 MiB (1.8%)
  Memory top: 5 of 247
  1: mem: 700.9 MiB (4.4%) command: firefox pid: 32944 cpu: 18.1%
  2: mem: 669.2 MiB (4.2%) command: pamac pid: 34724 cpu: 3.8%
  3: mem: 525.6 MiB (3.3%) command: plasmashell pid: 1140 cpu: 0.4%
  4: mem: 337.8 MiB (2.1%) command: walc pid: 7245 cpu: 4.2%
  5: mem: 329.6 MiB (2.0%) command: firefox pid: 33186 cpu: 2.1%
Info:
  Processes: 247 Power: uptime: 22h 2m states: freeze,mem,disk suspend: s2idle
    avail: deep wakeups: 1 hibernate: platform avail: shutdown, reboot,
    suspend, test_resume image: 6.13 GiB services: org_kde_powerdevil,
    power-profiles-daemon, upowerd Init: systemd v: 257 default: graphical
    tool: systemctl
  Compilers: clang: 19.1.7 gcc: 14.2.1 Shell: Bash v: 5.2.37
    running-in: konsole inxi: 3.3.38

The following links may (or may not) prove useful, but, better to offer them than not, as any of them might have potential;

Regards.

Qgroups, if enabled (even accidentally), are a recipe for disaster in conjunction with any form of snapshots on btrfs (this is my own experience).

Resolving snapshots sometimes took forever. A balance could take days (!!!) (on a hard drive). And I couldn’t really get rid of the stuff.

After many attempts to get the problem under control, and after I had already considered giving up on btrfs, I read the warning that snapshots and quotas don’t mix well. I think that’s a gross understatement of the problem.
Since I’ve avoided quotas (like the plague), btrfs has become an extremely reliable file system for me (on a whole range of computers).
:footprints:

1 Like

I am perfectly happy to disable quotas, I don’t use them. I don’t recall enabling them, perhaps it got enabled when I installed Manjaro, I don’t know.

The snapshots are useful however in case I mess something up with upgrades or installations. I was able to recover a broken system once or twice by booting from a previous snapshot, so I’d like to keep that being managed with timeshift.

Generally speaking the filesystem is pretty reliable, until I ran out of space once or twice, but I was able to resolve those.

How did you disable/delete qgroups though?

I use snapshots (hourly, daily, weekly, and with every update) automatically with Snapper. Snapper also deletes them automatically on a scheduled basis. Sometimes I also delete some manually (with Snapper).
For years without any problems. Very rarely do rollbacks (but always manually). Every now and then I recover deleted files this way or compare revisions of configuration files.

At the time (after my bad experience with quotas), I was worried that remnants of quotas might remain in the file system. So I set up a new btrfs filesystem and copied all the data with rsync. Then I made this new partition bootable. I learned a lot about BIOS, GRUB, and btrfs in the process. (some of which you can read in the forum and the wiki)
:footprints:

I think creating a new filesystem and rsyncing everything to it is not a good option for me.

Snapper sounds similar to timeshift, so I’ll stick to timeshift.