Error message opening a Zoom invite link in Chromium

That just means that the x-mime is not known. You will need to add this to your Desktop file. I guess it is this one:

/usr/share/applications/Zoom.desktop

Copy it to your home folder:

cp /usr/share/applications/Zoom.desktop ~/.local/share/applications/Zoom.desktop

and add there:

MimeType=x-scheme-handler/zoommtg

then

update-desktop-database ~/.local/share/applications/

and check if it is in the list:

cat ~/.local/share/applications/mimeinfo.cache

In general it should work then.