Device boots up directly to memtest

lsblk should have contained info on filesystems - a response similar to

 $ lsblk -fs
NAME        FSTYPE FSVER LABEL    UUID                                 FSAVAIL FSUSE% MOUNTPOINTS
sda                                                                                   
└─sda1      ext4   1.0            a0a54066-5053-4aaf-b0de-0cf5fefeb260  184,7G    55% /a/virtualbox
sdb                                                                                   
└─sdb1      ext4   1.0   private  1f3d1a6e-b4b5-46da-909a-8a87a45dd18b    212G    41% /a/private
sdc                                                                                   
sdd                                                                                   
sde                                                                                   
nvme0n1                                                                               
└─nvme0n1p1 ext4   1.0   projects 04f0ac14-1556-4666-9f12-617ba471502c    1,4T    13% /a/projects
nvme1n1                                                                               
├─nvme1n1p1 vfat   FAT32          AD24-B748                               299M     0% /boot/efi
├─nvme1n1p2 ext4   1.0            cafce1fc-a404-48b9-b7e8-00ec59a4e2c0  570,2G    29% /
└─nvme1n1p3 swap   1     swap     3cd93eae-1d0d-4ce6-a7e6-7df665e8cede                [SWAP]

The lack of info points to filesystem meltdown - the filesystem table has been wiped. This is often caused by powerspikes or flashes in the powerline - a rapid loss and return of power - like a fingersnap.

I hope you have a separate copy of important data, because restoring from this disaster will be difficult even for an expert and it cannot be done using forum support.

Your best way forward is to reinstall the operating system.

If you want to try rescuing data I suggest downloading and using an ISO with the necessary tools.

It will also require some external storage capable of holding the data recovered from the crashed system.