I have no idea what may have caused these link to malfunction - it would be pure speculation.
The important thing is the result - you should now be able to create functional symlinks and you learned a thing or two on how to keep your disk mounts separated from the system’s folder structure.
I note that “location” at properties all of any links on desktop is / (desktop) but “location” at properties all of that any links on dolphin browser at direction /home/vorobuszek/Desktop is /home/vorobuszek/Desktop and they all works. Is that an useful thread?
Have I spent an entire thread on the classical xy problem?
The change you made is referring to if the system should should display the content of the default localized name of the Desktop folder or a custom name.
This has absolutely nothing to do with symlinks on btrfs.