I’m running in a VM another Distro and on log-in I’m asked for the user password and when needed (launching Gufw for example)i have to enter the root one.
and if i recall correctly it is the same in other Distros i tried as well.
on Manjaro the loging in password is the same as when i need to type the Sudo one,
even though i entered two different password when i installed the OS.
This may be different on other distros using frozen/old/patched versions of gufw that are using sudo or similar.
(ours is patched too - but to make gufw-polkit actually open … because their launch scripts have inherent problems still unfixed)
In any case these functions are also controlled by their respective configs, such as /etc/sudoers … so theres more than one point of possible difference.
The login password you use for a session is the one you will use for sudo. The password for sudo is not the password of the account you are changing to.