If you are satisfied with my opinion, aka
this is not what you should do
but what I would do
backup my HOME partition, assuming you have important data there
then start from scratch - first installing Win 10 into the space you give it
then reinstall Linux afterwards.
I can’t help with recommendations on how to possibly repair the filesystems.
Some suggestions have been given in the command output (try a different superblock).
Depending on what you need Windows for, you could also just install it as a virtual machine inside your Linux installation instead of a dual boot setup
(won’t be good with graphics performance if you can’t use GPU passthrough).