The following article might be useful for reference:
If you happen to have a Windows Installer DVD/ISO/USB, it’s also possible to boot that and use the Command Shell to run chkdsk (before Windows Setup begins).
Note that chkdsk can both scan for and repair file system errors using the basic chkdsk.exe /f x:. However, if you suspect the disk might have bad sectors, then another sequence of switches should be used (as described in linked page).
Scanning for and repairing bad sectors could take an extended amount of time during which the process must not be interrupted.
However, I would strongly support the recommendation by @cscs to move data you wish to keep to a safe temporary location, and repurpose your NTFS partitions as Linux storage (using ext4, for example). Especially if you do not intend using Windows going forward.