Terminal takes forever to ask for password

Are you sure you correlate this issue with partition resize? You sure that was only system change between smooth auths and slow ones
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Don’t take it personally I am often guessing the wrong cultprit because I have biases from previous successful update.

Could it be that you had Stable update? There is a change to “pam” auths and they maybe timeouting on some module maybe?.

Maybe that could be cultprit.

See latest [Stable Update] 2020-08-28 - Kernels, Systemd, PAM, PAMBASE, KDE-git, Deepin, Pamac, Nvidia 450.66, LibreOffice 7.0

P.S: - I am also only guessing