Regarding NTFS (only):
If the problem is accessing files on an ntfs filesystem that’s damaged, the only reliable resolve is to repair the filesystem using Microsoft’s own proprietary tool chkdsk.exe in a Windows environment (as mentioned earlier) in order to hopefully access your files.
As you no longer have a Windows installation, chkdsk.exe can also be run from a bootable DVD/ISO/USB such as Hiren’s Boot, also mentioned previously.
If you would like a deeper understanding of some of the points raised (re: ntfs) you might find the following article of interest.
It’s a long read with a lot of important detail, but it does cover many things you should be aware of with respect Linux on NTFS.
Regards.