I ended up switching to a different color theme, then switching back to my original color theme (Breath2 Dark) and this resolved the problem for me. I didn’t need to downgrade any packages.
After doing this, then logging out, then logging back in, my colors are back to how they originally were. 
It appears the update triggered a new naming schema for color themes, perhaps?
Looks like something changed under
- $HOME/.kde4/share/apps/color-schemes/
- $HOME/.kde4/share/config/