Since my original post I have set up and logged in to a test account on my Manjaro system and run Chromium and from there logged in to my Google accounts to synchronise my Chromium settings and data. I also browsed around trying to recreate the read only problem but to no avail.
This now implies to me that the problem may lie within a file in
~/.config/chromium/ or
~/.cache/chromium/
in my normal account home directory.
I could simply rename those directories to get rid of the problem, but even though I have backups, some websites have important data associated with them that I would like to preserve. Furthermore identifying the cause of the problem may be valuable information for the community.
No, as expected it produces the error:
Cannot touch '~/testfile': Read-only file system.
The read only problem occurs soon after Chromium completes loading and remains after closing it, as indicated here:
$ mount | grep sda
/dev/sda3 on / type btrfs (ro,relatime,lazytime,space_cache,autodefrag,subvolid=257,subvol=/@)
/dev/sda3 on /home type btrfs (ro,relatime,lazytime,space_cache,autodefrag,subvolid=258,subvol=/@home)
I have used Btrfs for several years, I find the snapshots especially useful.