My Manjaro backup isn't working

Since the currently suggested strategy seems to prove difficult for you to implement and this whole thing seems to become a kind of never ending story :wink:
I’d suggest another approach -
based upon what I understood what it is that you want to achieve:

You wanted to retain all the configurations you made to your old system - and the user data as well, right?

I’d just reinstall a fresh system,
then reinstall all the non-standard programs that you installed in addition to what is a default install,
then just restore the $HOME directory from backup.

Not the whole system - just the $HOME directory.

Avoids problems with booting, takes care of different mount options you might need for your new SSDs,
avoids having to edit the /etc/fstab and possibly more files.

Or just exclude /etc/fstab from being overwritten by replaying the backup …
(make a copy of the original in the fresh system - replay backup - replace the now wrong /etc/fstab with the copy you just made …)

I’d exclude the /etc/default/grub directory, too …

It’s really just like playing with Lego - take what you need, leave out what you don’t, what get’s in your way …

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another variant:
you can boot from your temporary live system - as you did many times now …
and access your $HOME directory on the system that will not boot that way
and make a backup of just that (instead of the whole system)
a simple cp -a will do the job just fine
or some graphical filemanager, with “show hidden files/directories” enabled

then replay that to $HOME once you, again, have reinstalled your system

I hope your $HOME is even on the backup.
Timeshift by default does not include it.

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I won’t mark this as solved because I want to keep working on it, but thank you for all your help.

thats ok

so if you still have your personal files
this

is actually the easy and most sane way to go to get a bootable system with all your stuff on it
Good luck!