From your description you may need an adaptor for the headset jack like this:
Sound only if headphones are half plugged in, work fine in windows
The wiring standard can be be tested by measuring resistance across jack connections
Headphone connections would be 16 Ω or higher
Microphone would be 1,000 Ω or higher
3.5 mm Headset: Accessory Specification | Android Open Source Project
Headphones with a 3-pole TRS jack plug would not be affected