The microphone audio and desktop audio streams requires creating at least 2 different audio mixes
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A Mix for your headphones to hear desktop audio + audio from MS Teams but not to hear the microphone loopback echoing your voice
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A Mix for callers on MS Teams to hear desktop audio + audio from your microphone but not to hear their voices echoing back
If the audio is to be recorded or sent to a live stream a 3rd mix would be needed
There were a few different methods to mix audio streams discussed in this previous post with links back to old forum posts
Audio output from firefox mixed with microphone
My suggestion of BASH script for loading PulseAudio modules did not work with Teams or Zoom because they cannot detect the virtual source Monitor of null-sink
I gave up trying to improve on this idea because the mixer controls in PulseAudio are not good for controlling the audio streams
OBS is a better option for mixing the audio streams for desktop audio; VOIP call and Microphone
But it still needs a connection for OBS to output an audio mix to a PulseAudio source that MS Teams can detect
The only way I have found so far to send an audio mix in to Zoom is connecting from JACK to PulseAudio using Pulseaudio JACK Sink.
But setting up JACK to run optimally can be tricky and frustrating
I would prefer to find another PulseAudio module that can get the job done without JACK