Well, the error message is the same (just the UUID differs, of course). My working laptop is a Dell Latitude 5531 and my private one is a Schenker VIA 14 Pro (L23). So very different hardware: Intel vs. AMD, Kioxia vs Samsung SSDs, but the same result. I would guess it is not a hardware issue.
It has encryption. But not for boot. Because it has dual boot with Windows, I want to access GRUB without encryption. It has a separate boot partition that is not encrypted. The root partition is also encrypted. But no problems here.